Introduction:

Methotrexate abortion offers women the opportunity to terminate a pregnancy as early as a week prior to missing their period up to 9 weeks from the last menstrual period. It is primarily used to stop the growth of pregnancy tissue. Additionally, it is also employed in the treatment of ectopic pregnancies, which occur when the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.

How Methotrexate Works:

Methotrexate works by inhibiting the enzyme hydrofolic acid reductase, which is responsible for reducing dihydrofolates to tetrahydrofolates. These tetrahydrofolates are crucial carriers of one-carbon groups in the synthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate, which are essential for DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication.

By interfering with DNA synthesis, Methotrexate affects the rapidly dividing embryonic and placental cells of early pregnancy, preventing further development. This ultimately leads to the termination of the pregnancy.

Combination with Cytotec (Misoprostol):

To enhance the effectiveness of Methotrexate, it is often used in combination with another medication called Cytotec or Misoprostol. Cytotec is usually administered approximately 48 to 72 hours after taking Methotrexate. It causes the uterus to contract, leading to bleeding similar to a normal period. The combination of Methotrexate and Cytotec has shown success rates ranging from 92% to 98%.

Safety and Effectiveness:

Methotrexate is considered extremely safe and effective when used for terminating pregnancies of up to 9 weeks gestation. Studies have shown that Methotrexate alone can cause abortions in up to 69% of patients who are 9 weeks pregnant or less. However, the combination of Methotrexate and Cytotec significantly increases the success rate to 94% to 99% for pregnancies between 3 to 9 weeks gestation.

Advantages of Methotrexate Abortion:

1. Non-surgical: Methotrexate abortion offers an alternative to surgical procedures, appealing to women who prefer a non-invasive option.
2. Privacy and support: This method allows women to undergo the abortion experience in a more private setting, with the support of a spouse, family member, or friend.
3. Psychological and physical comfort: Some women find that Methotrexate abortion provides greater psychological and physical comfort compared to surgical procedures.

 Contraindications and Side Effects:

While Methotrexate is generally safe, there are certain contraindications to its use. It should be avoided by individuals who are allergic to the medication or will be exposed to prolonged sunlight. Patients with blood disorders, anemia, or low platelet counts should also avoid Methotrexate.

Mild side effects may include headaches, nausea, vomiting, rash, constipation, and abdominal pain. However, serious complications are rare.

 Conclusion:

 Methotrexate abortion offers an effective and safe option for terminating pregnancies of up to 9 weeks gestation. When combined with Cytotec, its success rates are even higher. It provides women with a non-surgical alternative, allowing for a more private and supported experience. As with any medical procedure, it is important to consult with an "Orlando Women's Center" healthcare professional to determine if Methotrexate abortion is the right choice for an individual's specific circumstances.