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ISQI ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 認定 CTFL_Syll_4.0 試験問題 (Q23-Q28):

質問 # 23
The tests at the bottom layer of the test pyramid:

A. are unscripted tests produced by experience-based test techniques
B. run faster than the tests at the top layer of the pyramid
C. cover larger pieces of functionalities than the tests at the top layer of the pyramid
D. are defined as 'Ul Tests' or 'End-To-End tests' in the different models of the pyramid

正解：B

解説：
Explanation
The tests at the bottom layer of the test pyramid run faster than the tests at the top layer of the pyramid because they are more focused, isolated, and atomic. They usually test individual units or components of the software system, such as classes, methods, or functions. They are also easier to maintain and execute, as they have fewer dependencies and interactions with other parts of the system. The tests at the top layer of the test pyramid, on the other hand, are slower because they cover larger pieces of functionalities, such as user interfaces, workflows, or end-to-end scenarios. They also have more dependencies and interactions with other systems, such as databases, networks, or external services. They are more complex and costly to maintain and execute, as they require more setup and teardown procedures, test data, and test environments. References:
ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 3.2.1, Test Pyramid1 ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Test Pyramid2

質問 # 24
Which of the following statements is true?

A. Sequential development models impose the use of systematic test techniques and do not allow the use of experience-based test techniques
B. In Agile software development, work product documentation tends to be lightweight and manual tests tend to be often unscripted as they are often produced using experience-based test techniques
C. Both in Agile software development and in sequential development models, such as the V-model, test levels tend to overlap since they do not usually have defined entry and exit criteria
D. In Agile software development, the first iterations are exclusively dedicated to testing activities, as testing will be used to drive development, which will be performed in the subsequent iterations

正解：B

解説：
Explanation
This answer is correct because in Agile software development, work product documentation, such as user stories, acceptance criteria, or test cases, tends to be lightweight and concise, as the focus is on working software and frequent communication rather than comprehensive documentation. Manual tests tend to be often unscripted, as they are often produced using experience-based test techniques, such as error guessing or exploratory testing, which rely onthe tester's skills, knowledge, and creativity to find defects and provide feedback. References: ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 3.1.1.2, Section 3.2.1.2

質問 # 25
Which of the following statements is true?

A. Functional testing focuses on what the system should do while non-functional testing on the internal structure of the system
B. Non-functional testing includes testing of both technical and non-technical quality characteristics
C. The test techniques that can be used to design white-box tests are described in the ISO/IEC 25010 standard
D. Testers who perform functional tests are generally expected to have more technical skills than testers who perform non-functional tests

正解：B

解説：
Explanation
Non-functional testing includes testing of both technical and non-technical quality characteristics.
Non-functional testing is the process of testing the quality attributes of a system, such as performance, usability, security, reliability, etc. Non-functional testing can be applied at any test level and can use both black-box and white-box test techniques. Non-functional testing can cover both technical aspects, such as response time, throughput, resource consumption, etc., and non-technical aspects, such as user satisfaction, accessibility, compliance, etc. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.01, Section 1.3.1, page 13; ISTQB Glossary v4.02, page 40.

質問 # 26
Which of the following work products cannot be examined by static analysis?

A. Test plans
B. Formal models
C. Source code
D. Compiled code

正解：A

解説：
Explanation
Static analysis is the process of examining the work products of a software development or testing activity without executing them. Static analysis can be applied to various types of work products, such as requirements, design, code, test cases, etc. However, test plans are not suitable for static analysis, because they are high-level documents that describe the test objectives, scope, strategy, resources, schedule, and risks of a testing project. Test plans are not executable or formalized in a way that static analysis tools can analyze them.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.01, Section 2.2.1, page 20; ISTQB Glossary v4.02, page 45.

質問 # 27
Consider the following user story about the authentication functionality of an e-commerce website:
"As a logged-in user, I want to change my current password with a new one, so that I can make my account safer".
The following are some of the acceptance criteria defined for the user story:
[a] After the logged-in user has successfully changed his password, an email confirming the change must be sent to him
[b] To successfully change the password, the logged-in user must enter the current password, enter a new valid password, and finally confirm by pressing the 'Change Password' button
[c] To be valid, the new password entered by the logged-in user is not only required to meet the criteria related to the length and type of characters, but must also be different form the last 5 passwords of that user
[d] A dedicated error message must be presented to the logged-in user when he enters a wrong current password
[e] A dedicated error message must be presented to the logged-in user when he enters the correct current password, but enters an invalid password Based only on the given information, which of the following ATDD tests is most likely to be written first?

A. The logged-in user submits a purchase order containing ten items, selects to pay with a Visa credit card, enters credit card information of a valid card, presses the 'Confirm' button, and finally views the dedicated message confirming that the purchase has been successful
B. The logged-in user enters the correct current password, enters an invalid password, and finally views the dedicated error
C. The logged-in user enters the correct current password, enters a valid new password (different from the last 5 passwords), presses the Change Password' button, and finally receives the e-mail confirming that the password has been successfully changed
D. The logged-in user enters a wrong current password and views the dedicated error message

正解：C

解説：
Explanation
ATDD stands for Acceptance Test-Driven Development, which is a collaborative approach to software development and testing, in which the acceptance criteria of a user story are defined and automated as executable tests before the implementation of the software system. ATDD tests are usually written in a Given-When-Then format, which describes the preconditions, the actions, and the expected outcomes of a test scenario. ATDD tests are intended to verify that the software system meets the expectations and the needs of the users and the stakeholders, as well as to provide feedback and guidance for the developers and the testers.
Based on the given information, the ATDD test that is most likely to be written first is the one that corresponds to option B, which is:
Given the logged-in user is on the Change Password page When the user enters the correct current password, enters a valid new password (different from the last 5passwords), and presses the Change Password button Then the user receives an email confirming that the password has been successfully changed This ATDD test is most likely to be written first, because it covers the main functionality and the happy path of the user story, as well as the most important acceptance criterion [a]. It also verifies that the user can change the password with a valid new password that meets the criteria related to the length, the type of characters, and the history of the passwords, as specified in the acceptance criterion [c]. The other options are not likely to be written first, because they either cover less critical or less frequent scenarios, such as entering a wrong current password [d] or an invalid new password [e], or they are not related to the user story or the acceptance criteria at all, such as submitting a purchase order [d]. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.3.1, Testing in Software Development Lifecycles1 ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Acceptance Test-Driven Development, User Story, Acceptance Criterion, Given-When-Then2

質問 # 28
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